SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Also known as: Elamipretide · MTP-131 · Bendavia · D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, reduces oxidative stress, and restores ATP production. In Phase 2/3 clinical trials for mitochondrial myopathy, heart failure, and age-related diseases.
What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)? A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, reduces oxidative stress, and restores ATP production. In Phase 2/3 clinical trials for mitochondrial myopathy, heart failure, and age-related diseases.
How does SS-31 (Elamipretide) work? SS-31 selectively binds to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane — a phospholipid critical for electron transport chain function. By stabilizing cardiolipin, it prevents mitochondrial permeability transition, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), improves electron transport efficiency, and restores ATP synthesis in dysfunctional mitochondria.
Benefits of SS-31 (Elamipretide): Restores mitochondrial function in aging and disease; Reduces oxidative stress at the source (mitochondria); In Phase 2/3 trials for heart failure and mitochondrial myopathy; Improves exercise tolerance and muscle strength; Anti-aging via mitochondrial health restoration; Reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury; Potential for kidney disease, Alzheimer, and metabolic diseases
SS-31 (Elamipretide) dosage: Clinical trials use 0.05-0.25mg/kg/hour IV or subcutaneous. Research typically uses 4-10mg/day subcutaneous.
SS-31 (Elamipretide) half-life: 2-4 hours
Research status: Clinical Trials
Source: PeptideWiki — https://www.peptide-wiki.net/peptides/ss-31
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 selectively binds to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane — a phospholipid critical for electron transport chain function. By stabilizing cardiolipin, it prevents mitochondrial permeability transition, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), improves electron transport efficiency, and restores ATP synthesis in dysfunctional mitochondria.
Amino Acid Sequence (4 AAs)
H-D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂
Benefits
- Restores mitochondrial function in aging and disease
- Reduces oxidative stress at the source (mitochondria)
- In Phase 2/3 trials for heart failure and mitochondrial myopathy
- Improves exercise tolerance and muscle strength
- Anti-aging via mitochondrial health restoration
- Reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury
- Potential for kidney disease, Alzheimer, and metabolic diseases
Side Effects & Risks
- Injection site reactions
- Nausea
- Headache
- Limited long-term human safety data outside clinical trials
Where to Buy SS-31 (Elamipretide)
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Storage & Reconstitution Guide
Storage Temperature
-20°C lyophilized, 4°C reconstituted
24 months (lyophilized), 28 days (reconstituted)
Reconstitution Solvent
Sterile saline or bacteriostatic water
Swirl gently — do not shake or vortex
Handling Notes
Protect lyophilized peptide from moisture and light. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated. Discard if solution becomes cloudy or discolored. Use insulin syringe for precise dosing.
Step-by-Step Reconstitution
Gather supplies
BAC water, insulin syringe, alcohol swabs, vial
Disinfect tops
Swab rubber stoppers of both vials with alcohol
Draw BAC water
Pull desired mL of BAC water into syringe
Inject slowly
Inject BAC water down the side of the peptide vial, swirl gently to dissolve
Clinical Trials & Human Studies2 trials
TAZPOWER: Elamipretide for Barth Syndrome
Phase 2/3 crossover RCT in 12 patients with Barth syndrome. Open-label extension (n=10) at 36 weeks: 6-minute walk improved +95.9m (p=0.024); Barth Symptom Assessment score -2.1 points (p=0.031); LVESV reduced by 22.5% from baseline (LV remodeling).
Primary Outcome
6-minute walk test at 12 weeks (not met in main phase)
P Value Ole
0.024
Lv Stroke Volume
+27%
6mw Improvement Ole
+95.9m at 36 weeks (OLE)
Barth Symptom Score
-2.1 points (p=0.031)
Small trial; FDA Orphan Drug status
Elamipretide reduces mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure
SS-31 (Elamipretide) reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and improved cardiac function in Phase 2 heart failure trial.
Research Protocol
- Dose Range
- 4–40 mg/kg
- Frequency
- Once daily subcutaneous or 4-hour IV infusion
- Cycle
- 4-12 weeks
- Half-Life
- 2-4 hours
- Routes
- subcutaneous injectionintravenous injection
- Notes
- Clinical trials use 0.05-0.25mg/kg/hour IV or subcutaneous. Research typically uses 4-10mg/day subcutaneous.
Legal & Regulatory Status
Sold for research purposes only. Not for human use. Laws vary by country.
Commonly Stacked With
View all peptide stacks →External Resources
Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 736992-21-5
- Mol. Weight
- 639.79 Da
- Formula
- C32H52N8O5
PeptideWiki Research Team
Evidence-based research data sourced from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov · Last updated: February 25, 2026
Frequently Asked Questions About SS-31 (Elamipretide)
What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?▾
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, reduces oxidative stress, and restores ATP production. In Phase 2/3 clinical trials for mitochondrial myopathy, heart failure, and age-related diseases.
What are the benefits of SS-31 (Elamipretide)?▾
Restores mitochondrial function in aging and disease
What are the benefits of SS-31 (Elamipretide)?▾
Reduces oxidative stress at the source (mitochondria)
What are the side effects of SS-31 (Elamipretide)?▾
Injection site reactions
What is the recommended dosage for SS-31 (Elamipretide)?▾
Clinical trials use 0.05-0.25mg/kg/hour IV or subcutaneous. Research typically uses 4-10mg/day subcutaneous.
How long should a SS-31 (Elamipretide) cycle last?▾
4-12 weeks
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